Weather will not affect LFTRs output

Weather in France slows nuclear power production

We’ve passed the tsunami test, the earthquake test and now the weather test.
I’m half joking but seriously I keep discovering more reasons to switch to LFTRs.
France never embraced Molten Salt Reactors fully but did experiment. Look at how they missed out. Weather conditions would not affect power production with LFTRs because supply of water is not required to cool them.
The seismic activity is not as serious as it would be with LWR’s or BWR’s and Fukushima recently showed that they withstand earthquakes quite well. ZCWUW7HCU7QW

Thorium Molten Salt Reactor covered in Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal wrote this on Thorium MARCH 19, 2011

Does a Different Nuclear Power Lie Ahead? By MATT RIDLEY
Might the Fukushima accident eventually create a chance for the nuclear industry to “reboot”? In recent years some have begun to argue that solid-fuel uranium reactors like the ones in Japan are an outdated technology that deserves to peter out and be replaced by an entirely different kind of nuclear energy that will be both safer and cheaper…

The attention brought by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant break down has had unexpected attention brought to the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor which by the way has no need for water or containment and cannot melt down and will not radiate the worst nuclear isotopes.

There was a time when the Americans chose a path based on the perceived need to compete with the Russians for military supremacy. Nuclear weapons needed Plutonium. The method at the time was to breed Plutonium in a reactor. But Thorium Molten Salt Reactors could not produce Plutonium. This was viewed as a negative and became shelved.

Fifty years later, the worst nuclear breakdown since Chernobyl in 1986 has turned turned out to be relatively minor and the 50 remaining nuclear reactors in Japan remain safe. The different circumstances are so obvious. For instance human error was responsible for the Chernobyl accident. A natural disaster of such an unexpected strength that has not been experienced by Japan in modern history caused the disruption of 4 reactor units at the same plant in Fukushima Daiichi. The safety record for nuclear power plants has been unsurpassed by any other power facility or other industry.

The antinuclear movement has unwittingly helped the progress of nuclear energy. Articles such as these will now become more common over the next few months. The reality is that people are asking why has there been so little innovation over the last 30 years? Can reactors be made safer?

One of the main inventors of the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor, Alvin Weinberg, knew that they were superior to the solid fueled reactors and pushed for their acceptance. He eventually lost his job for making too much noise about it when the politics of the time were more about arms than climate change. Weinberg was ahead of his time. He also designed the Light Water Reactor, currently the most popular reactors, which he himself turned against.

Now considered a fourth generation technology the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor shows the most promise as a nuclear energy design precisely because they solve the problems that made the older nuclear power plant designs unpopular.

South African Scientists Like Thorium

From South Africa
Nuclear matters
Thorium could be answer to South Africa’s energy woes
Published 3 March 2011 in HSNW

…South African scientists are increasingly touting thorium as a viable solution for the country’s energy woes; scientists believe that South Africa could use its plentiful reserves of thorium, a radioactive rare earth metal, to generate greenhouse gas-free electricity; South Africa’s aging energy infrastructure has led to rolling blackouts and energy rations; South Africa currently generates 78 percent of its energy from coal making it one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in the world; thorium is a better alternative to uranium in nuclear power production as it cannot be weaponized, does not need to be converted or enriched, its radioactive waste breaks down faster, and is less expensive and environmentally friendlier to extract…

According to Professor Mulder thorium was the preferred material for the nuclear industry for nearly twenty years, before it was eventually replaced by uranium because it could not be weaponized.

In pushing for the use of thorium, columnist Dave Gleason of NewsTime writes, the rare earth metal “is inherently incapable of causing a meltdown; it doesn’t need to be converted or enriched; it is very energy efficient; its waste lasts for tens of years unlike uranium which hangs around malevolently for thousands; it is much less expensive than uranium extracts and is reasonably environmentally friendly to mine.”

Eskom, the state owned utility company which generates 95 percent of the country’s power, says that it will not consider using thorium until it is licensed by the National Nuclear Regulator.

South Africa contains vast reserves of rare earth metals and in the 1950s was the world’s largest source of rare earth minerals.

South Africa’s thorium mine was closed in 1963, but last October a Canadian mining company was granted a license to extract thorium from the mine, located north of Cape Town.

The metal is not currently available for commercial use yet as a reprocessing plant must be built to “breed” uranium 223 from thorium before it can be used to generate power…

 

 

Hey Utah, China knows Weinberg was right about TMSR's. No Water Needed!

Utah needs water for nuclear power but water is scarce. (see Article in the Salt Lake tribune) The only alternative besides a LFTR is Natural Gas.

What’s that? A “LiFTer”? Huh? A LFTR is a Molten Salt Reactor that is a Fourth Generation Reactor yet it’s origins are predecessors of our current reactors. Why does China and Japan want them? China has started their own program as of last month. Japan will likely follow this year. Why? Because they are extremely adaptable and useful for all kinds of applications.  Besides, thorium is plentiful and the reactors emit zero carbon dioxide. Natural gas emits how much CO2? We know that it’s a lot.

The TMSR’s are cleaner and more fuel efficient and create almost no nuclear waste. Oh, and did I mention that it can also reprocess used fuel very effectively and that they are less expensive to build than LWR’s because they don’t need a dome containment.  Who invented the TMSR? Weinberg!!! Alvin Weinberg. You know who invented the light bulb. You know who invented the telephone. But you don’t know who invented the LWR. The basic principal originated with guess who? Alvin Weinberg!!! The 104 reactors (soon to be 105 if things work out) are all based on Alvin Weinberg’s design. Is his name in your child’s history book or science book? No.

These facts have been stated over and over among the various websites who advocate the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor and it’s successor the LFTR. China says it might take them 20 years but experts here say it could be done in less than 10 years maybe even 5 years. What’s stopping us? Just a few regulatory and licensing hurdles and an entourage of  ”do gooder” antinuclear groups who, like Oprah Winfrey’s audience, judges before they know the facts. Sorry Oprah. I guess you deserve some credit for recognizing they exist. I guess Sarah Palin, Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck also count on the gullible masses.

LFTR’s don’t use water. They don’t need pressurized containment. They can be shut down very quickly.  What’s the old KnowItAll Nuclear establishment’s excuse? The graphite cracks. Hmm that’s a 50 year old problem. Material knowledge has grown immensely in 50 years. There are a whole group of smart guys who believe in this technology. You owe it to Alvin Weinberg. You owe it to the American people. You can’t just let this huge body of knowledge stay on the shelves of some library at ORNL.

“A single thorium mine in Idaho could produce 4500 MT of fuel per year. The current US energy load could be supplied by 400MT. We also ALREADY have 3200 MT of it stored underground in a Nevada Test Site from past efforts.”

It’s taken almost 30 years for us to realize that we’ve fallen behind in the energy race. We still are a highly resourceful people. The next wave of reactors really should be LFTR’s but how about building just one to start. What better opportunity than a place that is short of water. Ironically the 1st reactor in thirty years will start in 2012 will still be based on the LWR’s. And in that time France built their fleet to handle 80% of their electricity.  It’s not the law enforcers who are to blame it’s the model of regulation, licensing and punitive rules for the unfair advantage they have over fossil fuels.

Even if the country does not embrace LFTR’s I am still pronuclear. The developments over the last 30 years have been huge in improvements to LWR’s and HWR’s (Canada’s contribution).

You can look around here or go to http://energyfromthorium.com or http://nucleargreen.blogspot.com or check out my blog list for more information.

Thorium MSR in China

Kirk Sorensen’s EFT page: Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) is now being developed in China

and here is Charles Barton’s Post China starts LFTR Development Project

I’m sure Kirk Sorensen and Charles Barton had mixed emotions when they learned that China was building a TMSR. Details of the design are not available. For newcomers, this is a big deal because the LFTR is a TMSR. TMSR is a more general term.
So it’s great that somebody recognizes this technology as promising. It’s sad that the US, the place that gave birth to the first TMSR, has not revived the research to commercialize them. Alvin Weinberg must be turning in his grave.

China Solves Nuclear Self Sufficiency For 3000 Years – Reprocessing!!!

This article appeared in the African Engineering News ….. (UPDATE: Original China Daily Story )

China Central Television reported on Monday that the country’s scientists have successfully developed technology to reprocess spent nuclear fuel.

Other countries, such as France, Russia and the UK, have already developed and employ such technology, but, because it is highly sensitive, it cannot be bought and each country seeking to recycle nuclear fuel must develop the technology itself.

Recycling spent nuclear fuel reduces the amount of newly mined uranium required to feed nuclear power stations, thus extending the life of uranium reserves, or permitting the same resources to fuel a greater number of reactors.

China Central Television claimed that the newly developed recycling technology would, presumably at current usage, mean that China’s uranium resources would last for 3 000 years.

The China Daily newspaper reports that the country’s proven uranium reserves currently total 171 400 t, and are mainly found in the provinces of Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Liaoning and Yunnan. (The provinces are listed in the order given by the newspaper.)

The recycling technology was developed and tested at China National Nuclear Corporation’s No. 404 Factory, located in the Gobi desert in Gansu province.

China Daily states that the country now has 12 operational nuclear reactors with a total generating capacity of 10,15 GW.

The Chinese government has established an official target of 40 GW of nuclear generating capacity by 2020.

However, Beijing has indicated that it could double this to 80 GW, to more rapidly reduce the country’s greenhouse gas emissions.

Prior to the announcement of the local development of nuclear fuel recycling technology, Chinese researchers had been of the opinion that the country would have had to import 60% of its uranium requirements by 2020, even if only the more modest nuclear expansion programme was implemented.

2007 Article still very relevant – Recycling Nuclear Fuel: The French Do It, Why Can’t Oui?

Wired article just barely a year old about Thorium

The Wired Magazine article Uranium Is So Last Century — Enter Thorium, the New Green Nuke

I remember when the author Richard Martin was lurking on the EnergyFromThorium forum researching the topic. Very good background article covers Kirk Sorensen’s early days with his first encounters with the ORNL masters and the book that taught him it’s secrets.

The enthusiasm is low-key as expected from the nerd culture of Wired Magazine but definitely worth reading.

Furukawa Fuji and Mini-Fuji Business Plan

Charles Barton introduces more on the IthEMS business plan from Dr. Kazuo Furukawa

This company has visited England and the US in a string of presentations to ask for 300 million to jump start their own innovation to the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor. The Mini-FUJI targets shipping and the FUJI targets base load electricity. They predict a working prototype six years from the project launch date. You will find the Thorium MSR’s strengths widely discussed on this site as well as Charles Barton’s Blog and Kirk Sorensen’s Blog.

The Aker Solutions’ Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactor™ (ADTR) has won the prestigious Energy Award at this year’s IChemE (Institution of Chemical Engineers) Innovations and Excellence Awards which is laser based solution but has a much more modest timeline for 2030. Long term projections seems to be a requirement to get attention these days.

More reasons to be jealous of France.

With recent protests on France over the retirement age being changed from 60 to 62 us North Americans wonder what the big deal is all about. France has a tradition of riots and public demonstrations when they disagree with government policy so the recent unrest makes you wonder if they’ve had it too easy in recent years.

Quick Facts: Population 65,447,374  Population Density: 115/km2 or 299/sq mi

6.7 Percent of the population is below the poverty line (12% in US, 10% in Canada)

one of the first countries to create a Ministry of the Environment, in 1971.

Though it is one of the most industrialized and developed countries, it is still ranked only seventeenth by carbon dioxide emissions, behind such less populous nations as Canada, Saudi Arabia or Australia.

Because the French government’s decision to invest in nuclear power in 1974,  after the 1973 oil crisis, with 78% of France’s energy  production from nuclear energy, France pollutes less than comparable countries.

France ranks high among those countries with the best standard of living in the world.  They have not totally given up their identity to become politically acceptable. Ask an expatriate living in France and they will likely tell you that the stereotypes are exaggerated.

Here are some excerpts from an article “The cost of living in France” posted on a blog called expatforum.com in 2009

Living in France can be relatively cheaper compared to the United Kingdom. Although salaries for employees are not that high compared to other European nations, the government does provide a lot of backup to business owners to give company benefits. As many advisories provide, the cost of living is dependent upon your lifestyle with the cost of going out an aspect that you need to consider, as it is easy to get lost in the sights and sounds of the French jet-set and haute couture lifestyle.

France is one of the G8 and its economy boasts a 6th place ranking worldwide. Industries are doing very well which mean that expatriates can easily find secure jobs. Trade and commerce continue to comprise the bulk of the economy. It is considered as a giant in terms of productivity ranking 4th in imports and 5th in exports.

France also has several investors helping it make 2nd place in outward transactions. A total of 57 billion dollars was placed in investments. In terms of per capita GDP, France also leads all other G8 countries. Tourism is also another main contributor in the country’s excellent financial status.

It is the number one tourist destination all over the globe. Productivity is good but the nation is currently experiencing low employment rate due to the aging population. More and more immigrants and skilled workers are needed to ensure constant effectiveness in trade and other business transactions. This has been clearly felt by an expat in a post made at France Expat Forum last August 9, 2009:

Well where to start, first of all this is just my impression and view, I have been here of 7 years and I am well travelled through the North but I have never lived in the south. In the country I find it boring and although I can not totally agree with comments that all the French are rude and unhelpful, I think it fair to say we are not popular in a number of quarters, I think resented is a better term. They resent the fact that we are here in the first place, they resent that we give them far more for their run down ruins than they could ever dream of. They resent that we have invigorated their economy and provided hundreds of jobs in service and other industries that otherwise would not have been available. But they grudging love our money….. There is absolutely no concept of ‘customer service’ whatsoever.

In the main if you need to work (like most of us) you have to look into being self employed, and the social charge system is expersive, most enterprises close in the 3 rd. year………

If you want a place to come and just drink wine, eat cheese soak up the rays and watch the seasons pass, it’s for you………………

Food and Drink Costs in France

The cost of food and drinks in France is significantly lower compared to other European nations. There are thousands of great restaurants offering the best cuisines made only of the finest ingredients. Dining out will definitely cost more but expatriates can also find a good deal of affordable meat, fish, milk, herbs, fruits and vegetables in markets and nearby ports.

France is one of the world’s largest exporters of beer, wine and bread. Pastries and wheat products comprise most of the goods for export. But there are also meat products like beef and pork as well as fish such as salmon that are continually brought out to the United States.

As far as drinks are concerned, France imports and exports wine extensively. Beer and cider are also widely traded. Locally made wine and beer are priced depending on quality but lower prices can be given if purchased directly at the brewery or winery or as wholesale.

An average individual spends around 100 euro every week on grocery items and food consumption. In Paris, the cost of commodities is low compared to other big European cities. French cuisine is very easy to get by in varying prices for every individual.

Clothing and Accessories Costs in France

Since Paris is the center of world fashion, clothes are typically expensive. There are virtually brand and designer labels everywhere. France is the place where everyone on earth can find the best quality and newest designs. Almost every week there are runway shows and magazine debuts are also featured monthly. Coats and jackets can range from 50 euro up to several thousands depending on the material.

Fur coats are limited but still very much available for big spenders. Suits, dresses and other classy items are sold in all colors and varieties at varying prices as well. In Paris, there are also unique items created by designers that can be used for collection purposes.

For expatriates looking for cheaper wares, there are a number of department stores offering different kinds of clothing and accessories. Chinese-made products have also entered France by storm that may have caused some designers to increase significantly in prices and avoid sales and auctions that may make people think of their original creations as mere Chinese imitations.  There are though some low cost high quality manufacturers in this highly fragmented market. In the outskirts of French cities, they are often found as many multiple specialist stores that cater to the market of thrifty shoppers.

Housing Costs in France

Cost of housing has increased drastically over the past years. This is not uncommon since France has always been among the top three tourist destination countries. The influx of people coming in caused congestion a few years prior but the government is doing several housing measures and regulations that aim to limit the population excess. As it is worldwide, the global recession has hit the once red-hot property market in France, especially in the French Riviera as buyers drive harder bargains for the hard earned purchases.

Rental in nearby communities can cost around 500 euro every month while downtown apartment and condominium rental costs reach an astounding 1500 to 2000 euro every month. Fully furnished spaces will cost more as well. Rental spaces are priced according to location, condition and quality.

One-fourth of the French population lives in housing complexes subsidized by the government. The living condition is not really good compared to modest housing structures in the city outskirts. Farm space is available in the provinces at expensive prices. It is almost impossible to acquire land in the big cities today. Laws and regulations are also very stringent when it comes to expatriates owning French land. The cost of housing and rentals usually include insurance and utilities.

Services Costs in France

France has state-of-the-art technology that provides remarkable telephone and Internet services. Broadband networking is currently the trend and there are several WiFi hotspots almost anywhere in Paris. Remote areas as well are well supported by these modern devices in addition water and electricity.

Education and college grants are made available by the government. Public schools are subsidized by the French government as well since they value the literacy rate among the rising number of younger generations. There are a number of excellent colleges and universities in France. Students aim to study arts and communication in Paris particularly because of its cultural and artistic heritage.

Financial plans and insurance services are also provided to all working individuals. The French health care system is one of the best in the world, offering high quality of services and being easily accessible at the same time. If France becomes the country of your residence, you will be covered by the state social security system that also includes health insurance. Expatriates can also apply for insurance quotes as well. The government can provide funding for immigrants provided that part of their future income will automatically be directed to specific government or community funding.

But the just how expensive it is to live in France? A post made in the France Expat Forum last January 3, 2009 can summarize it:

How expensive France (or anywhere) is will depend on a number of things. The big one (especially right now) is where you’re coming from and what your source of income will be. If, like many of the members of the forum, you’re from the UK, the current rate of exchange is a killer. At roughly GBP 1 = 1 € everything is going to be expensive. And, you’re at the mercy of the exchange rates as they rise and fall.

It can also depend on what part of France you’re thinking about.

Employment Costs in France

Overall, employment rates have been rising in all members of the European Union. France has an employment rate of almost 90%. Majority of the remaining population are working part-time jobs including students aged 15 to 17 years old. Males constitute most of the workforce although majority of French women including pregnant ones are also working full time. On the downside, maintaining these employment costs has put pressure on the overall income of the French, as it is the highest and most expensive overall in the European Union in 2009.

France is currently looking for more skilled engineers, architects and teachers. Business investors are always welcome as well as those who are highly adept in trade and commerce. Expatriates may have a hard time finding a well-paying job during the first few years until they find their niche and prove their expertise in a given field.

Another page describes the countries economy as of January 2010

France is in the midst of transition from a well-to-do modern economy that has featured extensive government ownership and intervention to one that relies more on market mechanisms. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, banks, and insurers, and has ceded stakes in such leading firms as Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. It maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. With at least 75 million foreign tourists per year, France is the most visited country in the world and maintains the third largest income in the world from tourism. France’s leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that reduce income disparity and the impact of free markets on public health and welfare. France has weathered the global economic crisis better than most other big EU economies because of more resilient consumer and government spending, and lower exposure to the downturn in global demand. Nonetheless, France’s real GDP contracted 2.1% in 2009, while the unemployment rate increased from 7.4% in 2008 to nearly 10%. In response to the economic crisis the government passed a $35 billion stimulus plan in February 2009 centered on investment in infrastructure and tax breaks for small businesses. Paris also created a $25 billion strategic investment fund to protect French companies from foreign takeovers, and President Nicolas SARKOZY proposed a $52 billion plan for strategic investments in science and technology. These various stimulus and investment measures are contributing to a deterioration of France’s public finances. France’s tax burden remains one of the highest in Europe – at nearly 50% of GDP. The government budget deficit rose sharply from 3.4% of GDP in 2008 to over 8% of GDP in 2009, topping the 3% euro-zone ceiling in both years. SARKOZY is expected to seek passage of some structural reforms – notably to the pension system and government bureaucracy – which have the potential to cut public expenditures, while he may delay additional, more costly, reforms.

A good question to ask these days is “What comes first prosperity or nuclear energy?”
The UK recently woke up to reality and has changed a new government policy originally set on wind and tidal energy to a Nuclear future. Likewise China, Finland, India, Iran, Spain, Venezuela and more have Nuclear plants under construction.

The US is talking about it and talking about it.  Thirty coal plants since 2008?

 

2007 Article still very relevant - Recycling Nuclear Fuel: The French Do It, Why Can’t Oui?

 

 

Is Commitment to More Nuclear Energy Real or Fake? Lost Constellation Deal Looks Bad on Chu and Obama.

The current US administration, the OMB and US policy makers have failed to close the deal with Constellation, good candidates for a Nuclear Plant at Calvert Cliffs in Maryland which was to be an additional unit at the existing Nuclear Plant site.  (SEE updates at bottom of page)

According to several more involved bloggers the recent deal with Constellation fell through because the US wanted the corporation to pay a hefty nonrefundable fee of $880 Million dollars as well as accept a large risk of non-guaranteed investment protection. Rod Adams points out that the same day the deal went bad a deal was made in California for a Wind Farm with far different friendly dealings.   Clearly there is still a problem getting Nuclear Energy off the ground.  Rod also points out that if it’s jobs they care about the Nuclear deal would have gone a lot further than the wind farm deal. Rod Adams is understandably upset:

http://atomicinsights.blogspot.com/2010/10/loan-guarantee-foolishness-by-folks.html

So is Dan Yurman: “…The Obama administration, which has been overwhelmed with other issues, has allowed the future of the nuclear energy industry to slip below its radar screen. The White House de-facto ceded energy policy to bean counters and sent the wrong signal not only in this country, but also to the rest of the world….”

Dan Yurman’s blog:  http://djysrv.blogspot.com/2010/10/constellation-walks-away-from-calvert.html

and Matt Holzmann:

http://oceanaris.wordpress.com/2010/10/09/obamas-scam-on-nuclear-energy/

NICOLE DAO posted this Oct. 12, 2010

http://somd.com/news/headlines/2010/12596.shtml

…Federal and state officials are attempting to revive a plan to develop a third nuclear reactor in Calvert County, a project that could create more jobs and develop energy in Maryland…

The article also states that anti-nuke organization PIRG wants to take over plans for their own renewables of solar and wind.

A project to help bring 6,000 megawatts of wind energy — enough to power 1.9 million households — from wind farms off the coast of the Mid-Atlantic states to the mainland was proposed this week by Trans-Elect, a Maryland-based company, which plans to lay a 350-mile transmission cable from northern New Jersey to southern Virginia. The project would allow any new wind farms to feed clean, renewable energy into the cable, helping Mid-Atlantic states to meet their renewable energy goals.

Bloomberg News: EDF Willing to Build U.S. Nuclear Plant Alone After Constellation Dispute

Washington Post Steven Pearlstein added some new perspective EDF rescued the original financially troubled Constellation and after enabling them to stay afloat and went to considerable lengths to assist in the nuclear deal

Constellation’s fallout with French firm unfortunately the new business as usual


Reactor under microscope - Constellation, officials working to keep CC3 project going (Oct. 20, 2010)

see Dan Yurman’s post

Deal between EDF and Constellation saves Calvert from ending